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High-Carbon
Spring Wire
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| Material |
Music
Wire
ASTM A 228 |
Hard
Drawn
ASTM A 277 |
High
Tensile
Hard Drawn
ASTM A 679 |
Oil
Tempered
ASTM A 229 |
Carbon
Valve
ASTM A 230 |
| Nominal
Analysis |
C
-- .70 - 1.00%
Mn -- .20 - 60% |
C
-- .45 - .85%
Mn -- .60 - 1.30% |
C
-- .65 - 1.00%
Mn -- .20 - 1.30% |
C
-- .55 - .85%
Mn -- .60 - 1.20% |
C
-- .60 - .75%
Mn -- .60 - .90% |
| Minimum
Tensile Strength |
230-399 |
CLI
147-283
CLII 171-324 |
238-350 |
CLI
165-293
CLII 191-324 |
215-240 |
Modulus
of Elasticity E
psi x 103 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
Design
Stress % Minimum
Tensile |
45 |
40 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
Modulus
in Torsion
G psi x 106 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
| Maximum
Temp. °F |
250 |
250 |
250 |
250 |
250 |
| Maximum
Temp. °C |
121 |
121 |
121 |
121 |
121 |
| Rockwell
Hardness |
C41-60 |
C31-52 |
C41-60 |
C42-55 |
C45-49 |
Method
of Manufacture
Chief Uses
Special Properties |
Cold
drawn. High and uniform tensile. High quality springs and wire
forms. |
Cold
drawn. Average stress applications. Lower cost springs and wire
forms. |
Cold
drawn. Higher quality springs and wire forms. |
Cold
drawn and heat treated before fabrication, General purpose spring
wire. |
Cold
drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Suitable for cyclic
applications. |
|
General. High-carbon
spring steels are the most commonly used of all springs materials.
Try to use these materials in preference to others because
that are least expensive, readily available, easily worked,
and most popular. These materials are not satisfactory for
high or low temperatures or for shock or impact loading.
|
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Alloy
Steel Wire
|
Stainless
Steel Wire
|
| Material |
Chrome
Vanadium
ASTM A 231 |
Chrome
Silicon
ASTM A 401 |
AISI
302/304
ASTM A 313 |
AISI
316
ASTM A 313 |
17-7
PH
ASTM A 313 (631) |
| Nominal
Analysis |
C
-- .48 - .53%
Cr -- .80 - 1.10%
V -- .15 min% |
C
-- .51 - .59%
Cr -- .60 - .80%
Si -- 1.20 - 1.60% |
Cr
-- 17.0 - 19.0%
Ni -- 8.0 - 10.0% |
Cr
-- 16.0 - 18.0%
Ni -- 10.0 - 14.0%
Mo -- 2.0 - 3.0% |
Cr
-- 16.0 - 18.0%
Ni -- 6.5 - 7.5%
Al -- .75 - 1.5% |
| Minimum
Tensile Strength |
190-300 |
235-300 |
125-325 |
110-245 |
Cond
CH
235-335 |
Modulus
of Elasticity E
psi x 103 |
30 |
30 |
28 |
28 |
29.5 |
Design
Stress % Minimum
Tensile |
45 |
45 |
30-40 |
40 |
45 |
Modulus
in Torsion
G psi x 106 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
| Maximum
Temp. °:F |
425 |
475 |
550 |
550 |
650 |
| Maximum
Temp. °C |
218.5 |
246 |
288 |
288 |
343 |
| Rockwell
Hardness |
C41-55 |
C48-55 |
C35-45 |
C35-45 |
C38-57 |
Method
of Manufacture
Chief Uses
Special Properties |
Cold
drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Used for shock loads
and moderately elevated temperature. |
Cold
drawn and heat treated before fabrication. Used for shock loads
and moderately elevated temperature. |
Cold
drawn, general purpose, corrosion and heat resistant. Magnetic
in spring temper. |
Cold
drawn. Heat resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302.
Magnetic in spring temper. |
Cold
drawn & precipitation hardened after fabrication. High strength
and general purpose corrosion resistance. Slightly magnetic
in spring temper. |
| General.
The alloy spring steels have a definite place in the field of
spring materials, particularly for conditions involving high
stress and for applications where shock or impact loading occurs.
Alloy spring steels also can withstand higher and lower temperatures
than the high-carbon steels and are obtainable in either the
annealed or pre tempered conditions. Note: These materials are
not regularly stocked in a wide variety of sizes. |
General.
The use of stainless spring steels has increased considerably
in recent years. Several new compositions are now available
to withstand corrosion. All of these materials can be used for
high temperatures up to 650°F. |
| |
|
Non-Ferrous
Alloy Wire
|
| Material |
Phosphor
Bronze
Grade A
ASTM B 159 |
Beryllium
Copper
ASTM B 197 |
Monel
400
AMS 7233 |
Monel
K 500
QQ-N-286 |
| Nominal
Analysis |
Cu
-- 94.0% - 96.0%
Sn -- 4.0 - 6.0% |
Cu
-- 98.0%
Be -- 2.0% |
Ni
-- 66.0%
Cu -- 31.5%
C/Fe |
Ni
-- 65.0%
Cu -- 29.5%
C/Fe/A/Ti |
| Minimum
Tensile Strength |
105-145 |
150-230 |
145-180 |
160-200 |
Modulus
of Elasticity E
psi x 103 |
15 |
18.5 |
26 |
26 |
Design
Stress % Minimum
Tensile |
40 |
45 |
40 |
40 |
Modulus
in Torsion
G psi x 106 |
6.25 |
7.0 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
| Maximum
Temp. °:F |
200 |
400 |
450 |
550 |
| Maximum
Temp. °C |
93.8 |
204 |
232 |
288 |
| Rockwell
Hardness |
B98-104 |
C35-42 |
C23-32 |
C23-35 |
Method
of Manufacture
Chief Uses
Special Properties |
Cold
drawn. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. |
Cold
drawn and may be mill hardened before fabrication. Good corrosion
resistance and electrical conductivity. High physicals. |
Cold
drawn. Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature. |
Excellent
corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature. |
|
General. Copper-base
alloys are important spring materials because of their good
electrical properties combined with their excellent resistance
to corrosion. Although these materials are more
expensive than the high-carbon and the alloy steels, they
nevertheless are frequently used in electrical components
and in subzero temperatures. All copper-base alloys are
drawn to the American wire gage (same as Brown & Sharpe
gage) and are nonmagnetic.
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| High-Temperature
Alloy Wire |
| Material |
A
286 Alloy |
Inconel
600
QQ-W-390 |
Inconel
718 |
Inconel
X-750
AMS 5698, 5699 |
| Nominal
Analysis |
Ni
-- 26.0%
Cr -- 15.0%
Fe -- 53.0% |
Ni
-- 76.0%
Cr -- 15.8%
Fe -- 7.2% |
Ni
-- 52.5%
Cr -- 18.6%
Fe -- 18.5% |
Inconel
X-750
AMS 5698,5699 |
| Minimum
Tensile Strength |
160-200 |
170-230 |
210-2500 |
No.IT
155 min.
Spg.T 190-230 |
Modulus
of Elasticity E
psi x 103 |
29 |
31 |
29 |
31 |
Design
Stress % Minimum
Tensile |
35 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
Modulus
in Torsion
G psi x 106 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
11.2 |
12 |
| Maximum
Temp. °:F |
950 |
700 |
1100 |
750-1100 |
| Maximum
Temp. °C |
510 |
371 |
593 |
399-593 |
| Rockwell
Hardness |
C35-42 |
C35-45 |
C45-50 |
C34-39
C42-48 |
Method
of Manufacture
Chief Uses
Special Properties |
Cold
drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion
resistance at elevated temperature. |
Cold
drawn. Good corrosion resistance at elevated temperature. |
Cold
drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion
resistance at elevated temperature. |
Cold
drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication. Good corrosion
resistance at elevated temperature. |
|
General. Nickel-based
alloys are especially useful spring materials to combat corrosion
and to withstand both elevated and below-zero temperature
application. Their nonmagnetic characteristic is important
for such devices as gyroscopes, chronoscopes, and indicating
instruments. These materials have high electrical resistance
and should not be used for conductors of electrical current.
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| |
| Flat
High-Carbon Spring Steels |
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General. Although
several types of thin flat strip are obtainable for specific
applications in watches, clocks and certain instruments, only
two types are readily available. These two compositions are
used for over 95% of all applications requiring flat high-carbon
strip. Although these materials are frequently plated, sections
under 0.015" having carbon content over 0.85 with hardness
over Rockwell C47 are highly susceptible to hydrogen-embrittlement
even though special plating and beating operations are employed.
(Properties are not displayed).
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